[Patients with COPD hospitalized due to COVID-19 in Spain: a comparison between the first and second wave]. / Pacientes con EPOC hospitalizados por COVID-19 en España: comparación entre la primera y la segunda ola.

Objective: This work aimed to compare the characteristics, progress, and prognosis of patients with COPD hospitalized due to COVID-19 in Spain in the first wave with those of the second wave. Material and methods: This is an observational study of patients hospitalized in Spain with a diagnosis of COPD included in the SEMI-COVID-19 registry. The medical history, symptoms, analytical and radiological results, treatment, and progress of patients with COPD hospitalized in the first wave (from March to June 2020) versus those hospitalized in the second wave (from July to December 2020) were compared. Factors associated with poor prognosis, defined as all-cause mortality and a composite endpoint that included mortality, high-flow oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, and ICU admission, were analyzed. Results: Of the 21,642 patients in the SEMI-COVID-19 Registry, 6.9% were diagnosed with COPD: 1,128 (6.8%) in WAVE1 and 374 (7.7%) in WAVE2 (p = 0.04). WAVE2 patients presented less dry cough, fever and dyspnea, hypoxemia (43% vs 36%, p < 0.05), and radiological condensation (46% vs 31%, p < 0.05) than WAVE1 patients. Mortality was lower in WAVE2 (35% vs 28.6%, p = 0.01). In the total sample, mortality and the composite outcome of poor prognosis were lower among patients who received inhalation therapy. Conclusions: Patients with COPD admitted to the hospital due to COVID-19 in the second wave had less respiratory failure and less radiological involvement as well as a better prognosis. These patients should receive bronchodilator treatment if there is no contraindication for it.

Pacientes con EPOC hospitalizados por COVID-19 en España: comparación entre la primera y la segunda ola / Patients with COPD hospitalized due to COVID-19 in Spain: a comparison between the first and second wave

Objetivo Comparar las características, evolución y pronóstico de los pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) hospitalizados por COVID-19 en España en la primera ola con los de la segunda ola. Material y métodos Estudio observacional de los pacientes hospitalizados en territorio español con diagnóstico de EPOC incluidos en el registro SEMI-COVID-19. Se compararon los antecedentes, la clínica, los resultados analíticos y radiológicos, el tratamiento y la evolución de los pacientes con EPOC hospitalizados en la primera ola (desde marzo hasta junio del 2020 [OLA1]) frente a los que fueron ingresados en la segunda ola (desde julio hasta diciembre del 2020 [OLA2]). Se analizaron los factores de mal pronóstico, definidos como mortalidad por todas las causas y un evento combinado que incluía mortalidad, oxigenoterapia con alto flujo, ventilación mecánica e ingreso en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI). Resultado De 21.642 pacientes del registro SEMI-COVID-19, están diagnosticados de EPOC 6,9%, 1.128 (6,8%) en la OLA1 y 374 (7,7%) en la OLA2 (p = 0,04). Los pacientes de la OLA2 presentan menos tos seca, fiebre y disnea, hipoxemia (43 vs. 36%, p < 0,05) y condensación radiológica (46 vs. 31%, p < 0,05) que los de la OLA1. La mortalidad es menor en la OLA2 (35 vs. 28,6%, p = 0,01). En el global de pacientes la mortalidad y la variable combinada de mal pronóstico fue menor entre aquellos que recibieron tratamiento inhalador. Conclusiones Los pacientes con EPOC con ingreso hospitalario por COVID-19 en la segunda ola presentan menos insuficiencia respiratoria y menor afectación radiológica, con mejor pronóstico. Estos deben recibir tratamiento broncodilatador si no hay contraindicación para el mismo (AU)

Objective This work aimed to compare the characteristics, progress, and prognosis of patients with COPD hospitalized due to COVID-19 in Spain in the first wave with those of the second wave. Material and methods This is an observational study of patients hospitalized in Spain with a diagnosis of COPD included in the SEMI-COVID-19 registry. The medical history, symptoms, analytical and radiological results, treatment, and progress of patients with COPD hospitalized in the first wave (from March to June 2020) versus those hospitalized in the second wave (from July to December 2020) were compared. Factors associated with poor prognosis, defined as all-cause mortality and a composite endpoint that included mortality, high-flow oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, and ICU admission, were analyzed. Results Of the 21,642 patients in the SEMI-COVID-19 Registry, 6.9% were diagnosed with COPD: 1,128 (6.8%) in WAVE1 and 374 (7.7%) in WAVE2 (p = 0.04). WAVE2 patients presented less dry cough, fever and dyspnea, hypoxemia (43% vs 36%, p < 0.05), and radiological condensation (46% vs 31%, p < 0.05) than WAVE1 patients. Mortality was lower in WAVE2 (35% vs 28.6%, p = 0.01). In the total sample, mortality and the composite outcome of poor prognosis were lower among patients who received inhalation therapy. Conclusions Patients with COPD admitted to the hospital due to COVID-19 in the second wave had less respiratory failure and less radiological involvement as well as a better prognosis. These patients should receive bronchodilator treatment if there is no contraindication for it (AU)

Patients with COPD hospitalized due to COVID-19 in Spain: a comparison between the first and second wave.

OBJECTIVE: This work aimed to compare the characteristics, progress, and prognosis of patients with COPD hospitalized due to COVID-19 in Spain in the first wave with those of the second wave. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is an observational study of patients hospitalized in Spain with a diagnosis of COPD included in the SEMI-COVID-19 registry. The medical history, symptoms, analytical and radiological results, treatment, and progress of patients with COPD hospitalized in the first wave (from March to June 2020) versus those hospitalized in the second wave (from July to December 2020) were compared. Factors associated with poor prognosis, defined as all-cause mortality and a composite endpoint that included mortality, high-flow oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, and ICU admission, were analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 21,642 patients in the SEMI-COVID-19 Registry, 6.9% were diagnosed with COPD: 1128 (6.8%) in WAVE1 and 374 (7.7%) in WAVE2 (p = 0.04). WAVE2 patients presented less dry cough, fever and dyspnea, hypoxemia (43% vs 36%, p < 0.05), and radiological condensation (46% vs 31%, p < 0.05) than WAVE1 patients. Mortality was lower in WAVE2 (35% vs 28.6%, p = 0.01). In the total sample, mortality and the composite outcome of poor prognosis were lower among patients who received inhalation therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with COPD admitted to the hospital due to COVID-19 in the second wave had less respiratory failure and less radiological involvement as well as a better prognosis. These patients should receive bronchodilator treatment if there is no contraindication for it.

Características clínicas de los pacientes hospitalizados con COVID-19 en España: resultados del Registro SEMI-COVID-19 / Clinical characteristics of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Spain: Results from the SEMI-COVID-19 Registry

ANTECEDENTES: España ha sido uno de los países más afectados por la pandemia de COVID-19. OBJETIVO: Crear un registro de pacientes hospitalizados en España por COVID-19 para mejorar nuestro conocimiento sobre los aspectos clínicos, diagnósticos, terapéuticos y pronósticos de esta enfermedad. MÉTODOS: Estudio de cohorte retrospectiva, multicéntrico, que incluye pacientes consecutivos hospitalizados con COVID-19 confirmada en toda España. Se obtuvieron los datos epidemiológicos y clínicos, las pruebas complementarias al ingreso y a los 7 días de la admisión, los tratamientos administrados y la evolución a los 30 días de hospitalización de las historias clínicas electrónicas. RESULTADOS: Hasta el 30 de junio de 2020 se incluyeron 15.111 pacientes de 150 hospitales. Su mediana de edad fue 69,4 años (rango: 18-102 años) y el 57,2% eran hombres. Las prevalencias de hipertensión, dislipemia y diabetes mellitus fueron 50,9%, 39,7% y 19,4%, respectivamente. Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron fiebre (84,2%) y tos (73,5%). Fueron frecuentes los valores elevados de ferritina (73,5%), lactato deshidrogenasa (73,9%) y dímero D (63,8%), así como la linfopenia (52,8%). Los fármacos antivirales más utilizados fueron la hidroxicloroquina (85,6%) y el lopinavir/ritonavir (61,4%). El 33,1% desarrolló distrés respiratorio. La tasa de mortalidad global fue del 21,0%, con un marcado incremento con la edad (50-59 años: 4,7%; 60-69 años: 10,5%; 70-79 años: 26,9%; ≥80 años: 46%). CONCLUSIONES: El Registro SEMI-COVID-19 proporciona información sobre las características clínicas de los pacientes con COVID-19 hospitalizados en España. Los pacientes con COVID-19 hospitalizados en España son en su mayoría casos graves, ya que uno de cada 3 pacientes desarrolló distrés respiratorio y uno de cada 5 pacientes falleció. Nuestros datos confirman una estrecha relación entre la edad avanzada y la mortalidad

BACKGROUND: Spain has been one of the countries most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE: To create a registry of patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in Spain, in order to improve our knowledge of the clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic aspects of this disease. METHODS: A multicentre retrospective cohort study, including consecutive patients hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19 throughout Spain. Epidemiological and clinical data, additional tests at admission and at seven days, treatments administered, and progress at 30 days of hospitalization were collected from electronic medical records. RESULTS: Up to June 30th 2020, 15,111 patients from 150 hospitals were included. Their median age was 69.4 years (range: 18-102 years) and 57.2% were male. Prevalences of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus were 50.9%, 39.7%, and 19.4%, respectively. The most frequent symptoms were fever (84.2%) and cough (73.5%). High values of ferritin (73.5%), lactate dehydrogenase (73.9%), and D-dimer (63.8%), as well as lymphopenia (52.8%), were frequent. The most used antiviral drugs were hydroxychloroquine (85.6%) and lopinavir/ritonavir (61.4%); 33.1% developed respiratory distress. Overall mortality rate was 21.0%, with a marked increase with age (50-59 years: 4.7%, 60-69 years: 10.5%, 70-79 years: 26.9%, ≥80 years: 46.0%). CONCLUSIONS: The SEMI-COVID-19 Network provides data on the clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in Spain. Patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in Spain are mostly severe cases, as one in three patients developed respiratory distress and one in five patients died. These findings confirm a close relationship between advanced age and mortality

Clinical characteristics of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Spain: Results from the SEMI-COVID-19 Registry. / Características clínicas de los pacientes hospitalizados con COVID-19 en España: resultados del Registro SEMI-COVID-19.

BACKGROUND: Spain has been one of the countries most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE: To create a registry of patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in Spain, in order to improve our knowledge of the clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic aspects of this disease. METHODS: A multicentre retrospective cohort study, including consecutive patients hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19 throughout Spain. Epidemiological and clinical data, additional tests at admission and at seven days, treatments administered, and progress at 30 days of hospitalization were collected from electronic medical records. RESULTS: Up to June 30th 2020, 15,111 patients from 150 hospitals were included. Their median age was 69.4 years (range: 18-102 years) and 57.2% were male. Prevalences of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus were 50.9%, 39.7%, and 19.4%, respectively. The most frequent symptoms were fever (84.2%) and cough (73.5%). High values of ferritin (73.5%), lactate dehydrogenase (73.9%), and D-dimer (63.8%), as well as lymphopenia (52.8%), were frequent. The most used antiviral drugs were hydroxychloroquine (85.6%) and lopinavir/ritonavir (61.4%); 33.1% developed respiratory distress. Overall mortality rate was 21.0%, with a marked increase with age (50-59 years: 4.7%, 60-69 years: 10.5%, 70-79 years: 26.9%, ≥80 years: 46.0%). CONCLUSIONS: The SEMI-COVID-19 Network provides data on the clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in Spain. Patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in Spain are mostly severe cases, as one in three patients developed respiratory distress and one in five patients died. These findings confirm a close relationship between advanced age and mortality.

[Clinical characteristics of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Spain: Results from the SEMI-COVID-19 Registry]. / Características clínicas de los pacientes hospitalizados con COVID-19 en España: resultados del Registro SEMI-COVID-19.

BACKGROUND: Spain has been one of the countries most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE: To create a registry of patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in Spain, in order to improve our knowledge of the clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic aspects of this disease. METHODS: A multicentre retrospective cohort study, including consecutive patients hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19 throughout Spain. Epidemiological and clinical data, additional tests at admission and at seven days, treatments administered, and progress at 30 days of hospitalization were collected from electronic medical records. RESULTS: Up to June 30th 2020, 15,111 patients from 150 hospitals were included. Their median age was 69.4 years (range: 18-102 years) and 57.2% were male. Prevalences of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus were 50.9%, 39.7%, and 19.4%, respectively. The most frequent symptoms were fever (84.2%) and cough (73.5%). High values of ferritin (73.5%), lactate dehydrogenase (73.9%), and D-dimer (63.8%), as well as lymphopenia (52.8%), were frequent. The most used antiviral drugs were hydroxychloroquine (85.6%) and lopinavir/ritonavir (61.4%); 33.1% developed respiratory distress. Overall mortality rate was 21.0%, with a marked increase with age (50-59 years: 4.7%, 60-69 years: 10.5%, 70-79 years: 26.9%, ≥ 80 years: 46.0%). CONCLUSIONS: The SEMI-COVID-19 Network provides data on the clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in Spain. Patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in Spain are mostly severe cases, as one in three patients developed respiratory distress and one in five patients died. These findings confirm a close relationship between advanced age and mortality.

Práctica clínica en el manejo de la hipertensión y la diabetes en Atención Primaria: estudio ATENCION / Management of hypertension and diabetes in Primary Care clinical practice: ATENCION study

Fundamento y objetivo. Las enfermedades cardiovasculares constituyen la principal causa de muerte en la población española. La detección y control de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular es fundamental para prevenirlas. Este estudio tiene como objetivos fundamentales analizar la actitud y las decisiones terapéuticas de los médicos de Atención Primaria (AP) ante la hipertensión arterial (HTA) y la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), con el fin de conocer la realidad y proponer estrategias de mejora para su correcto manejo. Material y método. Estudio ecológico de encuesta, descriptivo, transversal y multicéntrico, de ámbito nacional, con participación de médicos de AP, realizado en 2013. Se solicitó la participación en el estudio a 1.028 médicos. Resultados. El 92,9 y el 91,4% de los investigadores consultados sigue las guías para la evaluación, el tratamiento y el diagnóstico de HTA y DM2, respectivamente. Esta última se diagnostica sobre todo casualmente, y la HTA por búsqueda activa en pacientes con otros factores de riesgo. La terapia combinada tarda más de 6 meses en instaurarse en pacientes hipertensos y entre 8-9 meses en diabéticos. El porcentaje de incumplimiento es similar (10-40%) en ambas dolencias. Aproximadamente la mitad de los encuestados consideran buena o excelente la interacción con el especialista (46 y 57,3% en HTA y DM2, respectivamente). Conclusiones. La práctica clínica en AP en HTA y DM2 tiene criterios básicos comunes. La interacción entre la AP y el especialista es buena. No obstante, existe margen de mejora en el tratamiento de estos factores de riesgo, particularmente en lo relativo a intensificar la terapia precozmente (AU)

Background and objective. Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in the Spanish population. The detection and control of cardiovascular risk factors are fundamental in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. The main objectives of this study are to analyse the attitudes and therapeutic decisions of Primary Care (PC) physicians when treating hypertension (HT) and diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2), with the aim of establishing the situation and eventually proposing improvement strategies. Material and method. A national ecological, multicentre, cross-sectional, and descriptive study was conducted in 2013. A questionnaire was used and 1,028 PC physicians took part in the study. Results. A total of 92.9% of the investigators consulted have indicated that they follow the guidelines for evaluation, treatment, and diagnosis of HT, and 91.4% in the case of diabetes. The latter is diagnosed as a casual finding, while HT is diagnosed through active investigation in patients with other risk factors. Combined therapy takes more than 6 months to take effect in patients with HT, and between 8 and 9 months in diabetic patients. The percentage of non-compliance is similar (10-40%) in both pathologies. Around half the physicians questioned considered interaction with the specialist to be good or excellent (46% HT and 57.3% DM2). Conclusions. Clinical practices in PC for HT and DM2 have some basic criteria in common. The interaction with the specialist is good, but there is a considerable margin for improvement (AU)

[Management of hypertension and diabetes in Primary Care clinical practice: ATENCION study]. / Práctica clínica en el manejo de la hipertensión y la diabetes en Atención Primaria: estudio ATENCION.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in the Spanish population. The detection and control of cardiovascular risk factors are fundamental in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. The main objectives of this study are to analyse the attitudes and therapeutic decisions of Primary Care (PC) physicians when treating hypertension (HT) and diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2), with the aim of establishing the situation and eventually proposing improvement strategies. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A national ecological, multicentre, cross-sectional, and descriptive study was conducted in 2013. A questionnaire was used and 1,028 PC physicians took part in the study. RESULTS: A total of 92.9% of the investigators consulted have indicated that they follow the guidelines for evaluation, treatment, and diagnosis of HT, and 91.4% in the case of diabetes. The latter is diagnosed as a casual finding, while HT is diagnosed through active investigation in patients with other risk factors. Combined therapy takes more than 6 months to take effect in patients with HT, and between 8 and 9 months in diabetic patients. The percentage of non-compliance is similar (10-40%) in both pathologies. Around half the physicians questioned considered interaction with the specialist to be good or excellent (46% HT and 57.3% DM2). CONCLUSIONS: Clinical practices in PC for HT and DM2 have some basic criteria in common. The interaction with the specialist is good, but there is a considerable margin for improvement.

Combinación de índices de gravedad con biomarcadores en la valoración pronóstica de la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad / No disponible

Introducción: La neumonía adquirida en la comunidad (NAC) supone la sexta causa de muerte en nuestro medio y la principal indicación de antibióticos. Para su valoración pronóstica se emplean índices de gravedad (PSI, CURB-65) y marcadores biológicos de sepsis como la proteína C reactiva (PCR) y la procalcitonina. Objetivo: Analizar el valor pronóstico (mortalidad, ingreso en unidad de cuidados intensivos -UCI-, reingresos) de la combinación de estos índices de gravedad con biomarcadores en pacientes con NAC. acientes y métodos: Estudio prospectivo observacional de pacientes ingresados por NAC en Medicina Interna y Neumología de un hospital terciario. Se analizaron parámetros clínicos, analíticos, riesgo según índices de gravedad y tratamiento. Se registraron durante 90 días eventos de mala evolución (ingreso en UCI y mortalidad). Resultados: Se incluyeron 155 pacientes con edad media de 71 años, el 94% varones. Los pacientes con alta puntuación de los índices de gravedad (73,6%) presentaron evolución desfavorable. La mortalidad global fue de 12,9%; a los 30 días se asoció a alta puntuación del índice PSI, y a los 90 días a niveles elevados de procalcitonina. En pacientes de bajo riesgo según los índices de gravedad los niveles de procalcitonina fueron bajos. El resto de parámetros biológicos no se asociaron con la evolución. Conclusión: La procalcitonina complementa a los índices de gravedad a la hora de definir pacientes de bajo riesgo, decidir el ingreso hospitalario y valorar la gravedad en pacientes con NAC

Introduction: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the sixth leading cause of death in our country and the main indication for antibiotic prescription. Assessing its severity can be done using gravity index (PSI, CURB- 65) or sepsis biomarkers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin. Objective: To analyze the predictive value (mortality, admission to intensive care unit, readmissions) of the gravity index, biomarkers and the combination of both groups in the severity assessment of CAP. Patients and methods: A prospective observational study was carried out with patients admitted with CAP in Internal Medicine and Pneumology of a tertiary hospital. We analyzed clinical and analytical parameters, risk classes of the gravity index and treatment received. Poor outcome events were recorded (ICU admission and mortality) during 90 days. Results: 155 patients were included with mean age of 71 years, 94% male. A 73.6% belonged to high risk classes of the gravity index, which had worse outcome. Overall mortality was 12.9%: at 30 days it was associated with high score of PSI, and at 90 days with high levels of procalcitonin. In patients at low risk of death based on gravity index, procalcitonin levels were low. The other biological parameters were not associated with the prognosis. Conclusion: The combination of procalcitonin with clinical scales helps defining low-risk patients, deciding admission and assessing severity in patients with CAP

Recomendaciones para el tratamiento farmacológico de la hiperglucemia en la diabetes tipo 2 / No disponible

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La enseñanza de las habilidades clínicas / Teaching clinical skills

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Adquisición de competencias transversales en alumnos de pregrado de Ciencias de la Salud en la Universidad Complutense: una experiencia positiva / Acquisition of general skills in undergraduate students in Health Sciences in the Complutense University: a positive experience

Introducción. Presentamos los resultados de la evaluación de las Jornadas Complutenses de Investigación para alumnos de pregrado en Ciencias de la Salud, una actividad académica con dos años de experiencia y una participación de 1.434 alumnos, creada en nuestra universidad para impulsar en los alumnos de pregrado habilidades comunicativas y de metodología en investigación. Sujetos y métodos. Mediante una encuesta anónima se evaluó en los alumnos el grado de satisfacción e interés(aprender metodología científica, aprender a hablar en público, etc.) y también en los moderadores de mesas(originalidad, planteamiento metodológico, presentación iconográfica, exposición oral, viabilidad y relevancia de las comunicaciones presentadas). Resultados. En las I Jornadas se inscribieron 500 alumnos, todos de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), y se presentaron un total de 169 comunicaciones (129 orales, 40 pósters). En las II Jornadas lo hicieron 934 alumnos, 838 de la UCM y 96 de otras nueve universidades, y se presentaron un total de286 comunicaciones (180 orales, 106 pósteres). Conclusiones. Es una actividad en la que el alumno pasa a ser un gestor activo y difusor de aprendizaje, y potencia de una manera dinámica habilidades en comunicación científica. También tiene beneficios para el profesorado y la institución universitaria, que la convierten en una ‘terapia pedagógica holística’ (AU)

Introduction. We present here the results of the appraisal of the Complutense Conference on Research for undergraduate students in Health Sciences, an academic activity which has been running for two years, with the participation of 1,434students. It was set up in this University to encourage communication skills and research methodology among undergraduate students. Subjects and methods. By means of an anonymous survey, the levels of satisfaction and interest of the students were evaluated (learning scientific methodology, learning to speak in public, etc.); similarly, that of the panel moderators (originality, methodological approach, iconographic presentation, oral presentation, viability and relevance of presentations given). Results. The First Conference had 500 registered students, all from the Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), with a total of 169 presentations(129 oral, 40 poster). In the Second Conference there were934 students, 838 from the UCM and 96 from nine other universities, with a total of 286 presentations (180 oral, poster106). Conclusions. This is an activity in which the student becomes an active manager and imparter of learning, and dynamically reinforces his or her skills in science communication. It also has benefits for teachers and the University itself, making it a ‘holistic pedagogical therapy’ (AU)

Diagnóstico de síndrome metabólico. Adecuación de los criterios diagnósticos en nuestro medio. Recomendaciones del foro HDL. Resumen ejecutivo / Diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome. Adaptation of Diagnostic Criteria in Our Setting. Recommendations of the Hdl Forum

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Relation of obesity and cardiovascular risk in Spain.

Cardiovascular diseases are the major cause of mortality in Spain. This feature is related with the high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, particularly high blood pressure, dyslipidaemia, smoking, obesity and diabetes. Otherwise, the association of several risk factors, all related with cardio-metabolic risk, is the basis for the increase of individual global cardiovascular risk. We have studied prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in several epidemiological studies in Spanish adult population, in nine autonomic communities and almost 15000 individuals. The principal objective was to evaluate the impact of obesity and overweight in the others cardiovascular risk factors in order to establish the relative weight of obesity in individual cardiovascular risk. With our results, this study presents a qualitative-quantitative model to calculate global cardiovascular risk in Spanish population according with the prevalence of different cardiovascular risk factors and the relative risk associated of every one in the same population.

Cálculo del riesgo cardiovascular en la población española según el modelo del estudio DORICA / Cardiovascular risk calculation in Spanish population according to of Dorica study

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